SACW | 20 June, 2003
Harsh Kapoor
aiindex@mnet.fr
Fri, 20 Jun 2003 03:31:44 +0100
South Asia Citizens Wire | 20 June, 2003
#1. Friendship and Arithmetic (Mukul Dube)
#2. No Indian troops to Iraq - Online Petition
#3. Iraq : Letter to the Editor (K. Ashok Rao)
#4. Public Event: Remembering Omar Asghar Khan (24th June 2003, Karachi)
#5. Call For Entries 3rd Karafilm Festival - Karachi 2003
#6. Public Meeting: PUCL-DELHI to hold 'anti-emergency' day on 26 June 2003
#7. PUKAR and The Bombay Paperie - Public lecture and discussion on
"Squatter Cities" (June 21, Bombay)
#8. The problems of conducting historical research in Pakistan (Mubarak Ali)
#9. Invest in Peace Bonds
--------------
#1.
http://www.indianexpress.com/full_story.php?content_id=26020
The Indian Express, June 19 2003
Friendship and Arithmetic
Mukul Dube
While walking my puppy Goofy I ran into two small boys who are always
to be seen together. Let me call them Mihir and Zafar to protect
their individual identities while establishing their religious
identities, so much more important these days.
The boys dashed forward to play with the puppy, whom they adore -
and she, in return, was deliriously happy to meet them. But they did
not play with her as single-mindedly as always. Something was
bothering them. I heard Zafar ask, in the insistent way that children
have when they deal with illogic, "But why can't I come to see your
Nani's puja? Why not? Your Nani is my friend."
Children are also trained to unquestioningly accept authority,
even if it be tainted with the worst kind of illogic. Thus it was
that Mihir said, "You can't come because the puja room has to be kept
clean."
Zafar did not understand. He said that he took two baths a day,
with soap, and that when entering any house he always took off his
shoes. Mihir had no answer. He too did not understand. Instead, in
the dull monotone familiar to us all, he repeated what he had said
earlier. The exact same words. He will probably spend his life saying
them in the same way.
Clean and unclean. The child understands these notions in the
simplest, most logical way. Clean means soap and water and trimmed
fingernails and washed clothes and shoes not covered in mud. How
another child, clean in the same way and to the same degree, can
render a space unclean, is unknown to the child. It cannot be known
because there can be no rational explanation for such arrant nonsense.
Yet the invisible is immeasurably more powerful than that which
can be evaluated by the senses. The Hindu child accepts without
question the absurd idea that another child, one born into a Muslim
family, will render a puja room unclean. In much the same way, the
Hindu child is from time to time kept out of his Muslim friend's home.
If sharing is considered an elemental part of friendship, can we
call such children friends? We bluster that they are friends, of
course they are - while suppressing the reality that they are not
friends in the real sense and never can be. That is, we have no
logical answer. We can but sputter, looking about us shiftily. For
while we know that we are wrong, while reason and our senses tell us
that we are wrong, we are compelled to insist that we are right.
There are 1,100 million Muslims in the world and they think that
they alone know the truth, while the remaining 4,617 million people
in the world think that the Muslims are wrong. For the 1,928 million
Christians who think they are right, there are 3,788 million
non-Christians who think that the Christians are wrong. The pattern
repeats itself for the 780 million Hindus and the 324 million
Buddhists, and so on. (Since numerical precision is not the object, I
use 1994 estimates.)
The point is that each religion which thinks that it alone is
right, is considered wrong by many times more people than its
adherents. Each religion is thus, in global terms, in a minority.
Every individual on this planet is considered wrong, a damn fool, by
far more people than those who do not so regard him or her.
Simply put, ours is a planet whose every inhabitant is a damn
fool in statistical terms, in the view of the majority. I think it is
a considerable miracle that we should have achieved so much despite
being so conclusively devoid of sense in our own collective opinion
of one another.
How much more we could have achieved had we not wasted so much
energy battling one another - indeed, battling Reason itself. What
incalculable quantities of human blood we could have kept ourselves
from spilling in defence of assertions which cannot be proved.
How much longer will we remain damn fools, forcing on thousands
of millions of helpless Zafars and Mihirs ideas which they must cling
to - and maybe kill each other for, forgetting their innocent desire
for friendship - even though they cannot comprehend them rationally?
_____
#2.
[TAKE A MINUTE AND SIGN THE PETITION BELOW]
o o o
No troops to Iraq
http://www.petitiononline.com/NITTIraq/petition.html
[Text of Petition to Indian Ambassador in Washington, DC. ]
______________________________________________________________________________
June 19, 2003
The Ambassador
Embassy of India in the United States
Washington DC
Dear Ambassador Mansingh,
We are writing to express our disappointment and deep concern at the
recent comments made by Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani, about
sending Indian troops to Iraq. While it is encouraging to note that
no firm commitment has been made as yet, we are dismayed that our
government is even considering the possibility of deploying troops to
Iraq, whether under the aegis of the United Nations or the United
States government. This act alone will reverse decades of India's
political and moral leadership in the Non-Aligned world, apart from
alienating the Iraqi peoples, whose ties with our country date back
thousands of years.
The US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq has been clearly
recognized by the world as an act of colonization. It has only been a
little over a half century that we Indians and people of Indian
origin, suffered the brutal onslaught and after-effects of
colonialism. Now we are told by the Deputy PM, that supporting
colonial objectives is in the best interests of India? We disagree.
Not only does such support for colonization and plunder go against
the very grain of India's struggle for freedom and its constitution,
but it also legitimizes actions by the United States that are in
flagrant violation of international laws and norms.
The United States is an occupying power, and Iraq's people have a
legitimate right to resist this occupation under international law.
The United States is eager to bring in Indian troops to use as a
shield against Iraqi
resistance, which will essentially mean that Indian troops will face
the anger of the Iraqi population. Once again, young Indian boys will
be sacrificed for the imperial agenda of yet another racist Western
power,
which has perfected the deadly tactic of divide-and-rule. Indian
soldiers should never be used in this shameful manner by an
administration which has alienated public opinion in virtually every
nation across the globe.
Over the past few years, the Indian government's official and
cultural hostility towards minorities has provoked both shock and
revulsion among our allies in the Non-Aligned world who, until now,
looked to us as a model -- or at least an aspiration -- for a plural
and inclusive society. Deploying troops to Iraq will further erode
this goodwill and trust, besides weakening our position globally by
making us appear as a disgraced lackey of the United States
government. Such a move would also send the wrong signal to
our friends in the Islamic world. The United States is no friend of
the Indian people, nor of the Iraqi people, nor of any part of the
developing world. Let us not sacrifice our moral, political and
cultural integrity for
short-term, destructive and politically expedient schemes.
Further, Mr. Advani does not speak for all Indians when he offers to
serve imperialist interests and violent agendas.
In light of the above reasons, we the undersigned, demand that Mr.
Advani unequivocally state his and our government's refusal to pander
to the United States' demand of sending Indian troops to Iraq.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
========
[ADAPT THE ABOVE LETTER AND FAX OR E-MAIL TO:]
Prime Minister of India
Shri Atal Behari Vajpayee
3 Race Course Road
New Delhi 110001 India
Fax: 91-11-301-9545 or 91-11-301-6857
E-mail: <mailto:vajpayee@sansad.nic.in>vajpayee@sansad.nic.in
Minister of Home Affairs
Shri L. K. Advani
Ministry of Home Affairs
North Block, Central Secretariat
New Delhi 110 001 India
Fax: 91-11-301-5750 or 91-11-301-7763
E-mail: <mailto:Mhaweb@mhant.delhi.nic.in>Mhaweb@mhant.delhi.nic.in
_____
#3.
K. ASHOK RAO
J 152, Saket
New Delhi 110017
Tele: 51793365 (Off)
26962376 (Res)
E-mail: theraos@vsnl.com
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Dear Sir,
It is important to briefly recall the history of Indian involvement
in Iraq under the British Colonial Government and then to ask have we
come full circle.
The British first colonized Iraq when it was carved out of the
Ottoman Empire for its oil. In 1917, G S Barnes of the Viceroy's
executive council explained why Iraq was important: "I hope that the
administered territory will include the Mesopotamia (Iraq) oilfield.
Oil is almost the only important commodity in respect of which the
British Empire is not self-contained... our needs are likely to grow
immensely in the immediate future."
Sir Percy Cox an Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer delineated the
boundaries of Iraq. The ICS provided the bulk of the administrators.
The British, in response to popular revolt, that was ruthlessly
suppressed, sought a compromise by establishing a modicum of Arab
participation in the running of the government. In this stabilization
process, the Indian Army was used and those who participated in the
suppression were decorated with an Iraq medal.
Indian revenues considerably subsidized Britain's take-over of its
oil. And the role of Indian labour was central. The administration
was not eager to use Iraqi labour. Indians also operated many other
facilities in West Asia such as the Aden refinery. Records show that
during and just after World War I, Indian labour had no right to even
a day's leave per week. Under military law, employees could be
detained indefinitely even beyond their term of contract. Workers
were told they would be shot if they attempted to escape. Col R L
Kennion, Magistrate at Mohemmerah on February 25, 1916 commenting on
their living conditions, noted that, widthwise, each man had a foot
of sleeping space.
History is repeating itself. The question is: in what capacity does
the Indian Government intend to send its Army to Iraq (after the
Anglo-American invasion which itself was based on lies)? As a
mercenary force where soldiers are directly paid in Dollars; as a
"force on hire" where payments are made through contracts extended to
India Inc., or as a colonial Army sent to serve the current colonial
masters of the present Indian Government?
And will the Indian Administrative Service follow the Army so that
the Anglo Americans can concentrate on "reconstructing" Iraq with
Iraqi money through the American and British Corporations (with some
crumbs thrown at India Inc.)? And will the cheap Indian labour follow
to increase the profits of the Corporations.
Every self respecting Indian should stand up and oppose any support
to the invasion and recolonisation of Iraq.
Yours faithfully,
(K. Ashok Rao)
_____
#4.
REMEMBERING
A great son of Pakistan who dedicated his life for the rights of
marginilised sections of the
society. Join us on 24th June 2003 at Karachi Arts Council at 5:30 P.M.
and share your
sentiments and views on his achievements.
Omar Asghar Khan Yadgari Committee
Contact: Tel: 6351145, 46, 47
Fax: 6350354
______
#5.
*************************************** CALL FOR ENTRIES
*****************************************
3rd KARAFILM FESTIVAL - KARACHI 2003
Film and Video submissions are invited for the 3rd KaraFilm Festival
- The Karachi International Film Festival 2003 - to take place in
December 2003 in Karachi Pakistan.
The DEADLINE for Entries is July 31, 2003.
Submissions of creative work may be made in any of the following categories:
1. Feature Films (Fictional work more than 60 minutes duration)
2. Short Features (Fictional work between 15 and 60 minutes duration)
3. Documentaries (Non-Fiction work of any length)
4. Short Shorts (Live Action, Animated or Experimental films under 15
minutes duration)
Films may originate on 35mm, 16mm, Beta, or DV formats. Preliminary
submissions must be made on VHS tape along with entry forms and other
publicity material. More information on requirements and where to
send is available on the KaraFilm website:
<http://www.karafilmfest.com>http://www.karafilmfest.com
For further information contact: KaraFilm Festival
<mailto:info@karafilmfest.com>info@karafilmfest.com
Or Hasan Zaidi: +92-333-2136564
____
#6.
PEOPLE'S UNION FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES : DELHI
M-35, Greater Kailash-I, New Delhi-110 048. e-mail :
<mailto:rajpushkar@rediffmail.com>rajpushkar@rediffmail.com
President Vice-Presidents General Secretary
Secretaries Treasurer
R.M.Pal N.D.Pancholi Pushkar Raj
Joseph Gathia Mahi Pal Singh
19.6.2003.
Dear friend
It is no revelation that as the state of the nation is, it is no less
dissimilar to a state of emergency for the common man. The common man
is under the heavy yoke of globalisation and privatization with the
result that his very survival is in danger. He is face to face with
poverty, unemployment, mal-nutrition and insensitive and
unaccountable political leadership.
Moreover, religion is used for deflecting the attention of people
from the real issues and driving a wedge between communities for
political gains. Social movements are systematically sabotaged;
protest is dubbed 'anti-patriotic'. The whole political class stands
united when reform in election process is attempted by the efforts of
the civil society. The role of media and even judiciary in this
process of churning and changing times is less than appreciative.
Where do we go from here and what are the options available to us?
To discuss all these and related issues PUCL-DELHI will hold a
meeting to commemorate anti-emergency day on 26-6-2003 (Thursday) at
4:30 pm at Gandhi Peace Foundation, Deendayal Upadhaya Marg, ITO, New
Delhi.
The distinguished citizens from the field of human rights, academics,
journalism and law will participate in the meeting and the discussion.
You are cordially invited to attend the meeting.
With warm regards,
Yours truly,
Pushkar Raj
General Secretary
PUCL-DELHI
____
#7.
Dear Friends:
PUKAR (Partners for Urban Knowledge Action & Research) and The Bombay
Paperie invite you to "Squatter Cities", a public lecture and
discussion with journalist ROBERT NEUWIRTH, on examining the various
perceptions, political conditions, and people's experiences slum and
squatter settlements in different cities throughout the world.
ROBERT NEUWIRTH is a freelance journalist and writer from New York.
He is currently working on a book on the everyday life of slum and
squatter settlements in different parts of the world. He has lived in
slums in Nairobi, Rio de Janeiro, Istanbul, and he presently lives in
Sanjay Gandhi Nagar in Goregaon East, in Mumbai. He has been a staff
reporter on daily newspapers and weekly news magazines, and his work
has published in the Village Voice, New York Times, New York Daily
News, Wired Magazine, and The Nation. He is a contributing editor to
City Limits (http://www.citylimits.org/). He has also taught inmates
at Raiker's Island Jail as a Professor at City University of New
York. His forthcoming book, for which he received a grant from the
Macarthur Foundation, will be published in 2004 by Routledge.
The discussion will be moderated by DEVIKA MAHADEVAN, who works with
SPARC (Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres) on
documentation activities. She studied at Brandeis University and the
London School of Economics (LSE) and is from Mumbai.
Date:
SATURDAY 21 JUNE 2002
6.00 p.m. to 8.00 p.m.
At:
The BOMBAY PAPERIE
Mezzanine Floor, Soonawalla Building
59, Bombay Samachar Marg
Opposite the Stock Exchange
Fort, Bombay 400001
_____
#8.
[Posted below is the second and conclusive part of Mubarak Ali's
article the previous article 'The content and teaching of history in
Pakistan (Dawn, 8 June, 2003) was circulated in SACW 11 June, 2003]
o o o
DAWN, 15 June 2003
The problems of conducting historical research in Pakistan
By Mubarak Ali
After the teaching of history, the second aspect that we need to
examine is research in the subject. Firstly, students and teachers
who engage in research work to get an M..Phil. or a Ph.D. degree do
so to get better teaching jobs and promotions. Secondly, teachers try
to get their research papers published in journals since this is the
condition for academic promotion.
Though the actual condition is that they must have been published in
journals of international repute, it is not really adhered too.
Credit is given by institutions to members of their faculty even if
their work is published in magazines or newspapers .In some special
cases, letters of acceptance from dubious journals are even accepted
in considering whether to promote a candidate. Hence, such research
papers contribute nothing to the subject.
Since most of these research papers are below the standard, the
candidates try to get them published in their own university
journals. If that is not possible, then some academics even begin
their own journals, so to get their own articles published. In the
last category are those scholars who really do hard work and come up
with some real research. There are very few scholars in this category
in Pakistan.
If we analyze by content the topics selected by M.Phil. and Ph.D.
scholars for research, most them belong to the Pakistan movement. In
every provincial university, the most popular topics are the
contribution of that particular province towards the struggle for
Pakistan. Next comes the contribution of districts and cities to the
Freedom Movement. The content is usually centred on the role played
by different groups such as students, ulema, sufis and women whose
contribution is highlighted. In the University of Sindh, two or three
theses are submitted on the separation of Sindh from the Bombay
Presidency. Candidates choose topics in such a way that it becomes
easy to get permission from the university It also shows their
patriotism and love to their country. Furthermore, these topics
strengthen the official version of history that justifies partition
and legitimizes the two-nation ideology.
Very few theses are written on medieval history since one requires
knowledge of Persian. The same is the case of Muslim history where
knowledge of Arabic is needed to consult the original sources. As
there no condition that students of history must be fluent in such
languages, they are not well equipped to do any research in these
fields. As far as ancient history is concerned, there is no research
at all in Pakistan.
There two trends in Pakistani historiography: one is to prove that
existing territories of Pakistan have never been a part of the Indian
subcontinent except for the last 500 years and therefore have a
separate history of its own. It is further argued that this part of
the Indian subcontinent was never ruled by any Hindu ruler. This
theory was popularized after the separation of East Pakistan and an
attempt is made to connect the region with Afghanistan and Central
Asia culturally rather than with India.
In the second trend, regional historians are trying to construct a
history that could strengthen the country's regional identity. These
are the consequences of having a strong centre (in terms of
government) and of the centralization of historiography. Among the
four provinces, this trend is very strong in Sindh, which claims that
it has its own separate history. Based on this claim, it makes
demands for provincial autonomy. Hence, as far as regional histories
are concerned, regional nationalism plays an important role in
historical narratives.
During the period of Ayub Khan, an attempt was made to write a
comprehensive history of Pakistan. The general editor of the project
was I H Qureshi and the contributors were the prominent historians of
Pakistan. However, the output of these historians was very poor. They
failed to provide any new point of view, interpretation or insight
into the history they were writing.
There is new trend in historiography outside the universities in
which prominent political families hire historians for writing the
history of their family or ancestors in order to give them a
dignified place in history. Such biographies fail to evaluate the
role or character of a family or individual correctly and
objectively. There is another trend of retired bureaucrats and
generals writing autobiographies and justifying their role in recent
history. In most of the cases, what they write is mere falsification
and distortion. As their claims are not challenged, their version of
history may be accepted as truth. Some of them even take away all
documents and material, which was under their control for writing
autobiographies and in this way deprive future historians of access.
Besides this, there are other serious problems for researchers. No
attempt is made to set up libraries containing original and secondary
material of different periods and aspects of history. It is well nigh
impossible for a scholar to travel from one city to another in search
of material in public and private collections. There is no central
catalogue to guide researchers about the material that is lying in
different libraries. Material of great importance - lying in
government departments such as CID, judicial, and revenue records -
is not properly sorted and preserved. Most of the record is kept in
bundles and sacks, waiting for an expert to come, sift through it and
catalogue it. No fellowships or financial assistance is available to
researchers for going abroad to collect material.
Professional societies
After partition, some historians who migrated from India formed the
Pakistan Historical Society at Karachi whose secretary was Moinul
Haq. It started to publish the Journal of the Pakistan Historical
society and earned respect in the academic community. It also laid
down the tradition of holding history conferences in which historians
from different foreign countries participated. However, gradually the
activities of the society slowed down. There were number of reasons
for this.
First, it was monopolized by a group that did not allow other
historians to become its members. The same people were elected again
and again and no system was evolved to involve more people in its
academic activities. Moinul Haq remained its secretary until his
death. After him, the society was dissolved and its library and
journal were taken over by the Hamdard Foundation. Now, the journal
is published by the Foundation but its academic standards are lowered
because of the lack of good and qualified contributors.
A number of attempts were made to form an Association of Historians
but every time it failed to materialize. Some conferences were
organized by different universities but this could not become an
annual feature. In the absence of any association or society, the
historians have no forum where they can assemble and present their
research. They also do not have any opportunity to contact other
foreign associations and participate in international conferences.
This drawback further reduces their capacity to take interest in
research.
Research institutes
Provincial governments and their culture departments have set up some
research institutes for historical research. The Pakistan Institute
of Historical and Cultural Research was set up in Islamabad with the
motive to promote research activities. Initially, its working was
quite satisfactory. It published a number of books on different
aspects of South Asian history. Soon, it also deteriorated and lost
its credibility. A number of times it announced that it would publish
a comprehensive history of Pakistan but the project remained
incomplete because of a lack of historians to write the various
volumes. It publishes a research journal, irregularly and with
limited circulation.Punjab University on the other hand set up the
Research Society of Pakistan with the purpose to publish original
Persian sources on medieval Indian history. In the early period, it
published a number of edited manuscripts of importance. It also
undertook the task of publishing monographs on the history of Punjab.
However, because of the absence of funding, the society was recently
dissolved, but a journal is published intermittently. Sadly, it
articles adhere to no proper academic standard.
In Sindh, just after partition, the provincial government established
the Sindhi Adabi Board for the promotion of history and culture. The
Board's excellent work was to publish original sources on the history
of Sindh. Some of them were translated into Urdu and Sindhi. The
Board also planned to publish a comprehensive history of Sindh but
only five or six volumes were published. The job remains unfinished
so far because there are no historians to write the volumes.
In the Punjab, the Urdu Science Board (formerly the Urdu Markaz) and
the Majlis-i-Tarraqqi Adab in their early period published Urdu
translations of the Persian sources on medieval Indian history. These
are excellent translations but both institutes no longer do that
because of a lack of funding. At Karachi University, there is the
institute for Central Asian history. It already has published some
excellent manuscripts.
Conclusion
The analysis presented so far has attempted to show defects and
shortcomings in the teaching and writing of history in our
educational institutions. Since most of the research and teaching
institutes are state-owned, researchers and teachers are rarely given
the freedom to pursue their academic work freely and without state
intervention. Scholars belonging to state institutions cannot
participate in any conference or seminar abroad without first getting
a so-called 'no-objection certificate' (NOC) from the government.
From time to time, directives are forthcoming from the government as
well as institutions themselves to not publish any article without
prior permission
History is not a popular subject in ruling circles since one of its
results is to unfold and discover corruption, social and political
crimes at the state level. Consequently, an 'anti-history' trend has
emerged among our elite which discourages research into the subject.
The reason is that those who are our rulers are afraid that their
crimes will be documented and become part of the country's history.
This 'history from above' approach excludes common people from the
historical process. To make matters worse, there is no
counter-balance, no offsetting 'history from below' approach to
highlight the role of ordinary people in shaping history. People are
fed up of reading and listening to out-dated interpretations and
versions of history which justify all acts of ruling classes and
project them as heroes while ignore the common people. They are
interested to know more facts and different points of view to
understand real history. History needs freedom from ideological grip
and hold to discover and unfold its narratives.
There are foreign universities where scholars are engaged in research
work on South Asian history. These universities and their research
institutes have their own agenda. They select topics that are related
to their interest and construct our history with their own point of
view. In absence of our own contribution, students and scholars have
to study and rely on their work. In this way, we look at our history
in a mirror fashioned by these scholars.
It is said that whoever controls the past controls the future. We
might have been liberated from political colonialism but only to
become being colonized in the field of knowledge. And there is
nothing worse than colonization of the intellect.
(Concluded)
_____
#9.
INVEST IN PEACE
The Nonviolent Peaceforce is issuing 100,000 Peace Bonds which will
sell for 10 Euros, 7 Pounds Sterling, 10 US Dollars, 470 Indian
Rupees, or 1,180 Japanese Yen each. All proceeds from Peace Bonds
will go toward the development of the Nonviolent Peaceforce and our
pilot project in Sri Lanka, a country striving for peace after nearly
twenty years of civil war.?
Mel Duncan, Executive Director of the Nonviolent Peaceforce,
explains,? "We have set the price low, to make it possible for many
people to invest in our hopes for a peaceful future. We hope all our
supporters agree that these bonds not only represent a sound
investment but also make perfect gifts!"?
How can buyers redeem these "bonds"? In 2010, when they mature,
investors will have a functioning Nonviolent Peaceforce that will
help transform violent conflicts around the world.? Peace Bonds can
be purchased through the Nonviolent Peaceforce web site,
www.nonviolentpeaceforce.org <http://www.nonviolentpeaceforce.org/>
, a secure site that accepts credit cards. They make great gifts for
births of babies, birthdays, weddings, anniversaries and passages.
Each investor will receive a Peace Bond certificate. No goods or
services will be directly exchanged for the bonds. They are tax
deductible in the USA.?
We are relying on our supporters to promote the Peace Bonds. Please
share this information by circulating this announcement to your
e-mail lists, linking your site with our peace bond site, putting an
article in your newsletter and promoting the bonds in any way you can
think of. We hope most people will order Peace Bonds through the
website. Let's show the world a way to invest in a peaceful future.
We can do it together!????
_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
SACW is an informal, independent & non-profit citizens wire service run by
South Asia Citizens Web (www.mnet.fr/aiindex).
The complete SACW archive is available at: http://sacw.insaf.net
DISCLAIMER: Opinions expressed in materials carried in the posts do not
necessarily reflect the views of SACW compilers.
--
--