[sacw] SACW #1 | 9 April. 02

[Harsh Kapoor]

South Asia Citizens Wire #1 | 9 April 2002
http://www.mnet.fr

__________________________

#1. My uncle the Muslim atheist (Hanif Kureishi)
#2.
#2. Hindu India is a reminder of Germany's 1930's rise of Nazism
#3. Appeal for Relief for Victims of Gujarat Violence

__________________________

#1.

The Guardian
Friday April 5, 2002

My uncle the Muslim atheist

Hanif Kureishi's films, like his childhood memories, are populated by=20
complex characters who hold eastern and western values=20
simultaneously. This, he says, is what fundamentalists can't deal with

To me, writing for film is no different to writing for any other=20
form. It is the telling of stories, only on celluloid. However, you=20
are writing for a director and then for actors. Economy is usually=20
the point; one objective of film-writing is to make it as quick and=20
light as possible. You can't put in whatever you fancy in the hope=20
that a leisured reader might follow you for a while, as you might in=20
a novel. In that sense, films are more like short stories. The=20
restrictions of the form are almost poetic, though most poems are not=20
read aloud in cineplexes. Film is a broad art, which is its virtue.

Nevertheless, it didn't occur to any of us involved in My Son the=20
Fanatic, for instance, that it would be either lucrative or of much=20
interest to the general public. The film was almost a legacy of the=20
1960s and 1970s, when one of the purposes of the BBC was to make=20
cussed and usually provincial dramas about contemporary issues like=20
homelessness, class and the Labour party.

I had been aware since the early 1980s, when I visited Pakistan for=20
the first time, that extreme Islam (or "fundamentalism" - Islam as a=20
political ideology) was filling a space where Marxism and capitalism=20
had failed to take hold. To me, this kind of Islam resembled=20
neo-fascism or even Nazism: an equality of oppression for the masses=20
with a necessary enemy - in this case "the west" - helping to keep=20
everything in place. When I was researching The Black Album and My=20
Son the Fanatic, a young fundamentalist I met did compare his=20
"movement" to the IRA, to Hitler and to the Bolsheviks. I guess he=20
had in mind the idea that small groups of highly motivated people=20
could make a powerful political impact.

This pre-Freudian puritanical ideology certainly provided meaning and=20
authority for the helpless and dispossessed. As importantly, it=20
worked too for those in the west who identified with them; for those=20
who felt guilty at having left their "brothers" behind in the third=20
world. How many immigrant families are there who haven't done that?=20
Most of my family, for instance, have long since fled to Canada,=20
Germany, the US and Britain; but some members refused to go. There=20
can't have been a single middle-class family in Pakistan who didn't=20
always have a bank account in the first world "just in case". Those=20
left behind are usually the poor, uneducated, weak, old and furious.

Fundamentalist Islam is an ideology that began to flourish in a=20
conspicuous age of plenty in the west, and in a time of media=20
expansion. Everyone could see, via satellite and video, not only how=20
wealthy the west was, but how sexualised it had become. (All "sex and=20
secularity over there, yaar", as I heard it put.) This was=20
particularly shocking for countries that were still feudal. If you=20
were in any sense a third worlder, you could either envy western=20
ideals and aspire to them, or you could envy and reject them. Either=20
way, you could only make a life in relation to them. The new Islam is=20
as recent as postmodernism.

Until recently I had forgotten Saeed Jaffrey's fruity line in My=20
Beautiful Laundrette: "Our country has been sodomised by religion, it=20
is beginning to interfere with the making of money." Jaffrey's lordly=20
laundrette owner, Nasser, was contrasted with Hussein, the desiccated=20
character played by Roshan Seth, for whom fraternity is represented=20
by rational socialism rather than Islam, the sort of hopeful=20
socialism he might have learned at the LSE in London in the 1940s. It=20
is a socialism that would have no hope of finding a base in either=20
1980s Britain, or in Pakistan.

What they, Omar and even his lover Johnny have in common is the=20
desire to be rich. Not only that: what they also want, which is one=20
of the west's other projects, is to flaunt and demonstrate to others=20
their wealth and prosperity. They want to show off. This will, of=20
course, induce violent envy in some of the poor and dispossessed, and=20
may even encourage their desire to kill the rich.

One of my favourite uncles, a disillusioned Marxist and a template=20
for the character played by Shashi Kapoor in Sammy and Rosie Get=20
Laid, had by the mid-1980s become a supporter of Reagan and Thatcher.=20
Every morning we'd knock around Karachi, going from office to office,=20
where he had friends, to be given tea. No one ever seemed too busy to=20
talk. My uncle claimed that economic freedom was Pakistan's only=20
hope. If this surprised me, it was because I didn't grasp what=20
intellectuals and liberals in the third world were up against. There=20
was a mass of people for whom alternative political ideologies either=20
had no meaning or were tainted with colonialism, particularly when=20
Islamic grassroots organisation was made so simple through the=20
mosques. For my uncle the only possible contrast to revolutionary=20
puritanism had to be acquisition; liberalism smuggled in via=20
materialism. So if Islam represented a new puritanism, progress would=20
be corruption, through the encouragement of desire. But it was=20
probably too late for this already; US materialism, and the=20
dependence and quasi-imperialism that accompanied it, was resented=20
and despised.

In Karachi there were few books written, films made or theatre=20
productions mounted. If it seemed dull to me, still I had never lived=20
in a country where social collapse and murder were everyday=20
possibilities. At least there was serious talk. My uncle's house, a=20
version of which appears in My Beautiful Laundrette, was a good place=20
to discuss politics and books, and read the papers and watch films.=20
In the 1980s American businessmen used to come by. My uncle claimed=20
they all said they were in "tractors". They worked for the CIA; they=20
were tolerated if not patronised, not unlike the old-style British=20
colonialists the Pakistani men still remembered. No one thought the=20
"tractor men" had any idea what was really going on, because they=20
didn't understand the force of Islam. But the Karachi middle class=20
had some idea, and they were worried. They were obsessed with their=20
"status". Were they wealthy, powerful leaders of the country, or were=20
they a complacent, parasitic class - oddballs, western but not=20
Pakistani - about to become irrelevant in the coming chaos of=20
disintegration?

A few years later, in 1989, the fatwa against Salman Rushdie was=20
announced and although I saw my family in London, I didn't return to=20
Karachi. I was told by the embassy that my safety "could not be=20
guaranteed". Not long after, when I was writing The Black Album, a=20
fundamentalist acquaintance told me that killing Rushdie had become=20
irrelevant. The point was that this was "the first time the community=20
has worked together. It won't be the last. We know our strength now."

I have often been asked how it's possible for someone like me to=20
carry two quite different world-views within, of Islam and the west;=20
not, of course, that I do. Once my uncle said to me with some=20
suspicion: "You're not a Christian, are you?" "No," I said. "I'm an=20
atheist." "So am I," he replied. "But I am still Muslim." "A Muslim=20
atheist?" I said. "It sounds odd." He said: "Not as odd as being=20
nothing, an unbeliever."

Like a lot of queries put to writers, this question about how to put=20
different things together is a representative one. We all have=20
built-in and contrasting attitudes, represented by the different=20
sexes of our parents, each of whom would have a different background=20
and psychic history. Parents always disagree about which ideals they=20
believe their children should pursue. A child is a cocktail of its=20
parent's desires. Being a child at all involves resolving, or=20
synthesising, at least two different worlds, outlooks and positions.

If it becomes too difficult to hold disparate material within, if=20
this feels too "mad" or becomes a "clash", one way of coping would be=20
to reject one entirely, perhaps by forgetting it. Another way is to=20
be at war with it internally, trying to evacuate it, but never=20
succeeding, an attempt Farid makes in My Son the Fanatic. All he does=20
is constantly reinstate an electric tension between differences -=20
differences that his father can bear and even enjoy, as he listens to=20
Louis Armstrong and speaks Urdu. My father, who had similar tastes to=20
the character played by Om Puri, never lived in Pakistan. But like a=20
lot of middle-class Indians, he was educated by both mullahs and=20
nuns, and developed an aversion to both. He came to love Nat King=20
Cole and Louis Armstrong, the music of black American former slaves.=20
It is this kind of complexity that the fundamentalist has to reject.

Like the racist, the fundamentalist works only with fantasy. For=20
instance, there are those who like to consider the west to be only=20
materialistic and the east only religious. The fundamentalist's idea=20
of the west, like the racist's idea of his victim, is immune to=20
argument or contact with reality. (Every self-confessed=20
fundamentalist I have met was anti-Semitic.) This fantasy of the=20
Other is always sexual, too. The west is recreated as a godless=20
orgiastic stew of immoral copulation. If the black person has been=20
demonised by the white, in turn the white is now being demonised by=20
the militant Muslim. These fighting couples can't leave one another=20
alone.

These disassociations are eternal human strategies and they are=20
banal. What a fiction-writer can do is show the historical forms they=20
take at different times: how they are lived out day by day by=20
particular individuals. And if we cannot prevent individuals=20
believing whatever they like about others - putting their fantasies=20
into them - we can at least prevent these prejudices becoming=20
institutionalised or an acceptable part of the culture.

A few days after the September 11 attack on the World Trade Centre, a=20
film director friend said to me: "What do we do now? There's no point=20
to us. It's all politics and survival. How do the artists go on?" I=20
didn't know what to say; it had to be thought about.

Islamic fundamentalism is a mixture of slogans and resentment; it=20
works well as a system of authority that constrains desire, but it=20
strangles this source of human life too. But of course in the Islamic=20
states, as in the west, there are plenty of dissenters and quibblers,=20
and those hungry for mental and political freedom. These essential=20
debates can only take place within a culture; they are what a culture=20
is, and they demonstrate how culture opposes the domination of either=20
materialism or puritanism. If both racism and fundamentalism are=20
diminishers of life - reducing others to abstractions - the effort of=20
culture must be to keep others alive by describing and celebrating=20
their intricacy, by seeing that this is not only of value but a=20
necessity.

=85 Extracted from Dreaming and Scheming by Hanif Kureishi, published=20
this month by Faber and Faber at =A38.99.

_____

#2.

Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 18:27:28 EDT

Hindu India is a reminder of Germany's 1930's rise of Nazism

Even thogh the India's basic foundation of governance is Secular democratic
but a tiny friction of Indians,even those who are governing at the federal
level and State level are floundering the Indian constitution which is
suppose to be the bed rock of a Newly founded nation after centuries of
slavery.

These half clad,uniformed with a stick military style marches by R.S.S
shakas( I call them in Hindi Nikkardharis) ,immediately flashes the old m
emories of rise of nazism.Any student of World war 2 history will not have
any hesitation in affirming the rise in Hindu Nazism , in modern terminolog=
y
of Hindu taliban and Hindu Al-Queda under the ignoble leadership of Osama
K.Sudershan.

Gentlemen,there is not a doubt of even of an iota in my mind that unless th=
is
monster of Hindu fundamentalism is controlled,India may end up as Rowanda =
or
Sierre leon,the tribal land of savagery.

In my speech at Sligo Chuch on issues of Minorities ,in Maryland on jauuary
17,1999,I said,"The rise of bellicose nationalism in nazi Germany led to
World war II and is a constant reminder to all oppressed Indian minorities =
of
the danger of nationalism.As MARTIN NIEMOLLER(1892-1984) said,"In Germany
nazi came first for the communist and I din't speakup because I was not a
Communist.Then they came for the Jew,and i din't speak up because I was not=
a
Jew.Then they came for the trade unionist,and i din't speak up because I wa=
s
not trade unionist.Then they came for the Catholics,and I was protestant a=
nd
so I did not speakup.Then they came for me,and by that time there was no on=
e
left to speak for anyone"

What I have stated is applicable not only to Indian Minorities but the
Minorities anywhere in the world.Let us not forget the KKK,Skin heads in
Germany,Sept 11 episode in which Indians were tergeted by white Americans.A=
ny
form nationaism is a danger to the society.

Anyrise in fundamentalism whether in India,U.S.,U.K.Palestine,Israel or
Afganistan is dangerous to the mankind,and rise in Hindu
fundamentalism--R.S.S.,V.HP.,Bajrang dal and Saffron brigade is as dangrous
as were the Nazi Storm troopers.

It is the duty of every civilized citizen of India to defend their FREEDOM
which may be lost at the hand of a tiny group of fanatic ideologues who are
playing with the masses by creating a mass hysteria.That onus rest no less
with the Indians all over the world irrespective of their religion and cast=
e.

Mother India loves all of her children.India is not an inheritence of only
one group.India is a nation of nations with in its territory.

We all must rise to this menace of Hindu talibanism ,otherwise we all have =
to
pay a heavy price like the Nazi Germany or Afganistan ,but in the end it is
always the poor and the destitutes who suffer the most,affluent can run awa=
y
to U.S.or any safe heaven.

Silence means your have acquesed with the enemy.

One day in the quiteness of your bed room just before you are ready to have=
a
good night sleep ,this horror of rise in Hindu Fundamentalism is going to
haunt you.

Dr.Laxmi.N Berwa,M.D.,F.A.C.P
1215,Kensington Road
McLean ,Virginia 22101
U.S.A

_____

#3.

Dear friends,

Here is the document that we can use to send to all our friends and=20
contacts who wish to contribute towards Gujarat relief. Please sign=20
in your names and send it across. If there are more addresses to be=20
added, I will keep you updated. Please also forward to all the people=20
that we may have missed.

Regards,
Friends of Aawaz-e-Niswan [Bombay]

Appeal for Relief

for Victims of Gujarat Violence

It has been more than a month now that we have been watching on TV,=20
reading the news, hearing through people around us, of the violence=20
in Gujarat. Some of us have felt sad and disturbed, few of us have=20
registered our protests and offered help, many have felt indifferent=20
and yet others, have felt satisfied that "a much needed lesson has=20
been taught."

Today too the violence continues. It does not make headlines as in=20
the first few days and it is lost in the reality of our daily living.=20
But the fact remains that the state is still exuding hatred, that=20
there are people still dying, getting hurt, stabbed and burnt, houses=20
and means of livelihoods are being looted and burnt, there are lakhs=20
of people displaced living in miserable conditions, not knowing where=20
to go next. It is time that we open not only our eyes and ears but=20
also our conscience towards the atrocities taking place, the=20
realities of the victims, and the ideologies of the people=20
responsible for this.

What is happening in Gujarat is not a communal riot. Nor is it a=20
spontaneous reaction of the majority community after the incident at=20
Godhra. It is a planned pogrom and attack against the Muslim=20
minority. It is an attempt to completely destroy a community in every=20
possible way. It is a massacre. A genocide.

According to independent observers, in the last month Gujarat has=20
seen the loss of more than 2000 lives, innumerable homes and=20
businesses, more than 300 mosques and Dargahs. Almost one and a half=20
lakh of people have been displaced from their homes and=20
neighbourhoods. It has been, for women, also a systemic and brutal=20
violation of their bodies with hundreds of cases of sexual assaults=20
and rapes. Countless number of children are left orphaned and=20
destitute and so far there is no record of how many people are=20
missing (killed, jailed, in hiding=8A).

More horrifying than the numbers and the accounts of brutality, which=20
in themselves are chilling testimony to the inhumanity of the=20
attacks, is the planned, organised and dedicated thoroughness with=20
which all this has been accomplished and is still being accomplished.=20
Without previous planning it is impossible to have thousands on the=20
streets armed with weapons and with full information of not only the=20
Muslim households but also of all the businesses belonging to them.=20
Ranging from hand carts, small shops and auto rickshaws to large=20
establishments like factories, hotels and shops belonging to Muslims,=20
as well as establishments with mixed Hindu Muslim partnerships - all=20
have been systematically attacked, looted and burnt.

Unbelievable in all the accounts is the complicity of the state and=20
the police in these attacks. Various people who have visited=20
different parts of Gujarat have reports of many incidents where local=20
political leaders of the BJP, RSS, VHP and Bajrang Dal were part of=20
the assaulting mobs, where even after hundreds of phone calls no=20
police or fire brigade turned up, where even top government=20
functionaries like high court judges could not be offered protection=20
by the state, where attacks happened in the presence of the police=20
and sometimes even with active help from them, where properties few=20
metres from police posts and stations have been destroyed. The police=20
have even helped and cleared ways for the killing mobs by firing on=20
Muslims, many of whom have been hit by bullets in the head.

Vitriolic speeches by different leaders of the Sangh parivar, the=20
various leaflets that have been circulating, the apathy of the BJP=20
government even today against those who are displaced and affected,=20
the threats to close down relief camps, the initial discrimination in=20
amounts to be paid to those dead in Godhra and in the violence later=20
- all these point towards an ideology of hate and violence that is=20
being unleashed and propagated in the name of Hindutva and in the=20
name of representing the sentiments of the majority community.

At the time of partition, we as Indians, chose to be citizens of a=20
secular, democratic country. We were in total disagreement with the=20
notion of a theocratic state, which was the foundation of Pakistan.=20
But today the Sangh parivar is propagating the same ideology, which=20
led to the formation of Pakistan. They share the same political=20
vision which Muslim League had at the time of partition. They openly=20
declare this nation as a Hindu Rashtra. They have issued warnings to=20
minorities that if they want to live in this country they will be=20
able to do so only at the mercy of majority, or else they will be=20
forced to leave this country. In doing this they are openly violating=20
the foundations on which this nation is built and they are doing this=20
while claiming to represent the Hindu majority.

We, as part of various women's groups, as citizens of this country=20
whose ideals of equality, democracy and secularism are dear to us,=20
appeal to you, to your compassion, to your sense of justice, to your=20
belief in that which is right and true - PLEASE DO NOT LET THESE=20
FORCES OF HATRED, DIVISIVENESS, INTOLERANCE AND VIOLENCE WIN.

Do not let them claim your voice by misrepresenting the views of the=20
people of this country. Do not surrender by silence, inaction or=20
indifference to those who wish to divide India on the false ideas of=20
Hindutva and Hindu Rashtra. Do not surrender your lives and those of=20
your neighbours and friends to violence and hatred.

Act now, in whatever way you can - talk to others, ask those=20
responsible the questions that need to be asked, question those=20
around you who want to create divides, build bridges across the chasm=20
of hate. Unless we act in our small ways and rekindle each other's=20
faith in equality, love and freedom for all, others will continue to=20
represent us and act on our behalf in completely intolerable ways.

In the face of the large scale destitution and the total state=20
apathy, a most immediate need is to rebuild, in whatever way=20
possible, some peace and security for those who have been most=20
immediately affected. We cannot hope to heal the burnt lives, nor is=20
it in anyone's power to bring back that which is destroyed. But we=20
can add our efforts towards providing food, medical help, and other=20
necessities to those in the relief camps. We can try to ensure that=20
no person seeking relief goes hungry, that no person dies of want for=20
medical care, that no child in the relief camps be condemned to=20
starve because no one cared enough. This at least, is our share of=20
the responsibility of recreating that which has been so savagely=20
destroyed.

Forum Against Oppression of Women (<mailto:inforum@v...>inforum@v...=
m)

Awaaz-e-Niswan (<mailto:niswan@v...>niswan@v...)

Please contribute:

The money can be sent to directly to the following two large=20
coalitions of people's groups, women's groups and other NGOs who have=20
been consistently working in Gujarat since early March.

Citizen's Initiative, Ahmedabad :The members of Citizens Initiatives are:

1. Behavioural Science Centre (BSC);
2. St. Xavier's Social Service Society (XSSS);
3. Centre for Development (CED);
4. MARAG;
5. Saath;
6. Action Aid;
7. Abhigam Collective;
8. ANALA;
9. Ahmedabad Community Foundation;
10. Janvikas;
11. Navsarjan;
12. Darshan;
13. Vishwa Gujarat Samaj;
14. St. Xaviers College;
15. Gurjarvani;
16. Premal Jyoti;
17. Samarth;
18. Mahila Patchwork;
19. Oxfam;
20. Darpana Academy;
21. Eklavya Foundation;
22. Prashant;
23. Unnati;
24. Anjali Hospital (Ranasar);
25. INSAF;
26. Vikas Adhyayan Kendra;
27. SWATI;
28. SEED;
29. Sanchetna;
30. Ashadeep, Vidyanagar;
31. Anandi;
32. CEDRA, Nadiad;

Their address is :

CITIZEN'S INITIATIVE (RELIEF & REHABILITATION OPERATION OFFICE),

St. Xavier's Social Service Society
Opp. Loyola Hall
Main Nagar
Ahmedabad
Tel.: (079) 7910654, Fax: (079) 7479081 Email:=20
<mailto:sxnfesad1@s...>sxnfesad1@s...

The donations can be send in the name of "St. Xavier's Social Service=20
Society." For large amounts, please contact them for more information.

Sanchetana, Ahmedabad. This is a women's NGO working on issues of=20
women and child welfare and human rights for the past many years.=20
They also do a lot of community work. They too can be sent money for=20
relief work directly at:

"Sanchetana"
45/46, 4th floor, New York Press Centre
Thaltej Cross Road
Ahmedabad 380 054.
E-mail: <mailto:sahrwaruad1@s...>sahrwaruad1@s...
Phone: (079) 685 8195.

PUCL/Shanti Abhiyan, Vadodara: This too is a coalition of many=20
groups and organisations working together in Vadodara including PUCL,=20
Sahiyar, Olakh and other such organisations.

The money can be sent to them in the name of "SAHAJ" an NGO working=20
on health issues which has consented to route money to all work being=20
done together by this collective. Their address for correspondence is:

SAHAJ

1, Tejas Apartments,
53, Hari Bhakti Colony, Race Course
Vadodara 390 007.
Phone : (0265) 340 223, 464210, 462328
Fax No: 340223
Email: <mailto:chinu@w...>chinu@w...,=20
<mailto:shanti_pucl@y...>shanti_pucl@y...

For more information on other kinds of help, especially medical,=20
please inquire with the groups themselse, so that they can give you=20
the latest and most accurate information.

For more addresses and updates on the Gujarat situation and further=20
addresses of relief camps, please look up the following websites:

<http://www.sabrang.com/>http://www.sabrang.com

<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GUJARATDEVELOPMENT>http://groups.yahoo.com/g=
roup/GUJARATDEVELOPMENT

<http://www.pucl.org/>http://www.pucl.org

These reports are also available on the sabrang website:

NEWS AND VIEWS on the CARNAGE :=20
Update: March 27, 2002

1) <http://www.sabrang.com/gujarat/statement/nv2.htm>Reflections on=20
the Gujarat massacre (By Harsh Mander)
2) <http://www.sabrang.com/gujarat/statement/nv.htm>Gujarat -- The=20
Corpse of a Nation's Soul (By John Dayal)
3)<http://www.mnet.fr/aiindex/CPMAIDWA2002gujaratreport.html> Fact=20
Finding Report of the visit by CPI(M) and AIDWA to Gujarat
4)=20
<http://www.ndtv.com/exclusive/showexclusive.asp?slug=3DProfessor+Bandukwal=
a+on+Gujarat+violence&id=3D898>Prof=20
J S Bandukwala gives a first hand account of mob violence in Gujarat=20
(Barkha Dutt)
5)=20
<http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/india_ayodhya/cover.html>Killing=20
Thy Neighbor (By Anthony Spaeth)
6)=20
<http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/world/2002/0304/3445709731FR04RAHULCOLOUR=
.html>Gandhi's=20
dream turns into a sectarian nightmare (Rahul Bedi)
7)=20
<http://argument.independent.co.uk/regular_columnists/yasmin_alibhai_brown/=
story.jsp?story=3D251138>Amadness=20
of politics, not religion (Yasmin Alibhai-Brown )
8)=20
<http://argument.independent.co.uk/commentators/story.jsp?story=3D270940>Th=
e=20
myth of Ram's temple has become a licence to kill in India (Peter=20
Popham)
9) <http://www.ndtv.com/columns/showcolumns.asp?id=3D812>When the mob=20
rules (Rajdeep Sardesai)
10)=20
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1857000/1857360.s=
tm>Eyewitness:=20
Escaping the mobs (BBC correspondent)
12)=20
<http://www.dailystarnews.com/200203/13/n2031302.htm#BODY4>Gujarat is=20
an exceptional situation of communalism eating into the state's=20
vitals (Praful Bidwai)
13) <http://www.hinduonnet.com/stories/2002031000011600.htm>Genocide=20
in the land of Gandhi (Anjali Mody )
14)=20
<http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/stories/2002031000170300.htm>After=
=20
Mumbai, it's Gujarat (Kalpana Sharma)
15) <http://www.the-week.com/22mar17/cover.htm>Horrors of Hate (Anosh Malek=
ar)
16 ) <http://www.sabrang.com/gujarat/appeal3.htm>Cult of the 'Kar Sevaks'
17) <http://www.mnet.fr/aiindex/sahmatreport032002.html>ETHNIC=20
CLEANSING IN AHMEDABAD: A PRELIMINARY REPORT SAHMAT FACT- FINDING=20
TEAM=20
To Ahmedabad, 10-11th March 2002
18 ) <http://www.sabrang.com/gujarat/statement/puclreport.htm>PUCL=20
Report on the Genocide in Gujarat

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