[sacw] SACW Dispatch | 11 Oct 00

[Harsh Kapoor]

South Asia Citizens Web Dispatch
11 October 2000
http://www.mnet.fr/aiindex

*********************************
#1. Pakistan: An interview with top 'Jihadi'
#2. Pakistan: Update, Restore Democracy Conference
#3. India: Opinon Poll in Kashmir Valley
#4. India: Hindu Supremacists Boss says "All Indians are Hindus"

*********************************

#1.

New York Times
Oct. 10, 2000

LAHORE JOURNAL

A Jihad Leader Finds the U.S. Perplexingly Fickle

By BARRY BEARAK

LAHORE, Pakistan, Oct. 2 =97 The professor uses henna to redden his long=20
beard, and that, along with a natural smile, makes him appear somewhat=20
jovial, an unexpected cheerfulness from someone who commands what many=20
believe to be a group of terrorists.

Killing, of course, is a pious man's obligation, "to destroy the forces of=
=20
evil and disbelief," explained the professor, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed. His=20
rapidly growing organization, Lashkar-e-Taiba (the Army of the Pure), is=20
duty-bound to "bring death to oppressors."

With that in mind, he sends hundreds of Pakistanis to fight in the jihad=20
against India in Kashmir, he said. First the young men are taught to recite=
=20
the Koran and to reflect on the virtues of a reverent Muslim society. Then,=
=20
as with almost any other army, they are taught how to fire automatic=20
weapons, set off explosives and slit throats.

But these days the killing by Lashkar is too often confused with killing by=
=20
others, the professor said testily. He is distressed by "Indian propaganda"=
=20
that falsely accuses the Army of the Pure of slaying the purely innocent,=20
as in the massacre of 35 Sikh villagers in March on the day President=20
Clinton arrived in India for a visit.

And this concerns him: the State Department is considering Lashkar for=20
Washington's roster of the world's most wicked, the blacklist of "foreign=20
terrorist organizations."

"This would be a grave injustice," said Mr. Saeed. "We do not kill=20
civilians, only aggressors. We don't believe it right to kill even a non-=20
Muslim unless he is an aggressor."

The interview was conducted in one of Lashkar's many offices in the=20
historic city of Lahore. Cookies and dried fruit were brought in on silver=
=20
platters. The politeness was exemplary, though in serving an American=20
guest, the graciousness did not extend to removing a wall poster that=20
showed the American flag in flames, along with the Indian flag.

"Destroy the nonbelievers," the placard read.

The professor's anxiety about the opinions of the State Department was a=20
bit puzzling. Why does he care? The punitive effect of being on the=20
blacklist would be minimal, he admitted. Lashkar has little need for=20
American visas. It has no assets to freeze in American banks.

Mostly, he said, he is offended by the simple gall of it. "Who is America=20
to judge us?" he said. "We don't trust America, and we certainly do not see=
=20
it as a champion of justice." He has fired off a letter of protest.

Mr. Saeed is 53, retired now as a professor of Islamic studies at an=20
engineering college. In the 1980's he went off to fight in the jihad that=20
chased Soviet invaders out of neighboring Afghanistan. "America supported=20
us with guns," he said.

"If we were not terrorists then, why are we terrorists now? How can=20
Americans stand for such double standards?" To him, the 53-year-old custody=
=20
battle for the Himalayan territory of Kashmir is an open-and-shut case,=20
with Pakistan in the right. He likens the Indian "occupation" of the=20
disputed territory to the imperialism of the Soviets.

Not only does he want Kashmir to become a part of Pakistan, but he also=20
wants Pakistan to become a part of a global Islamic state. "Muslims=20
throughout the world are one country," he said. Mr. Saeed's vexation with=20
America is hardly uncommon in this nation of 150 million. Uncle Sam is=20
perceived to favor India, the emerging regional superpower and a potential=
=20
market with one billion consumers.

Pakistan, on the other hand, is near financial collapse. In addition to=20
jihad, men like Mr. Saeed provide schools to the masses, places where the=20
poor can send their children to be both educated and fed. Those are=20
services that Pakistan's relentless tag team of military and civilian=20
governments has been unable to provide.

Mr. Saeed sits atop more than the Army of the Pure. In 1989 he began the=20
Markaz Ad-daawah Wal Irshad, the Center for Preaching. It has more than 130=
=20
schools and a modern- looking university that rises out of the wheat fields=
=20
near Lahore. Lashkar is now a political force within Pakistan, just as it=20
is a guerrilla army in Kashmir.

The money behind the group, the professor said, comes entirely from private=
=20
donors. He denied widely held suspicions that Lashkar is on the payroll of=
=20
Pakistan's government, whose intelligence agencies have been a willing=20
sponsor of the 11-year-old Kashmir jihad. "People who send their sons to=20
fight in jihad also give money for that purpose," the professor said=20
vaguely, uncomfortable with the subject.

"Do not ask me about numbers." Mr. Saeed had selected the group's media=20
center for the meeting. Only a single guard was stationed out front, a=20
machine gun in his hand, an ammunition belt across his shoulder. Inside,=20
young men were hunched over computer keyboards, writing for Lashkar's=20
various magazines. An escort enforced a ban on photographing people.

The professor said the capture of human images is forbidden by Islam.=20
Lashkar has proven itself a clever self-promoter. Its posters are bright=20
and arresting. Its magazines are enticing, with articles like "Koran and=20
Astronomy" and "Prophet's Medicine: Olive Is the Cure for 70 Diseases."

The last page in the international edition of Voice of Islam is a=20
recruitment pitch for jihad: "Learn how to use swords, spears, daggers and=
=20
how to attack disbeliever forces, how to set up an ambush and lay siege to=
=20
the camps and cantonments of the enemy, how to protect yourself and other=20
oppressed Muslims during crackdowns and blackouts. Learn all these things=20
through the Koran."

The professor made a gift of a bound volume of back issues of the magazine.=
=20
He was tiring of all this talk about terrorism, though his interest=20
slightly revived when the subject turned to Pakistan's nuclear arsenal. He=
=20
said those apocalyptic bombs were good to have, but only as a means to=20
deter an enemy. "To use such weapons in jihad would be un-Islamic," he=20
said, pointing his finger. "To use them: that is terrorism. And what is the=
=20
only country to use them?" The answer left him with a triumphant smile.=20
"America," he said. "So who is the terrorist?"

Copyright 2000 The New York Times Company

______

#2.

Date: 10 Oct 00 12:17:35 MDT
From: Labour Party of Pakistan
To: aiindex@m...
Subject: Update, Restore Democracy Conference

Dear comrades,
The preparations for the Restore Democracy Conference are in full swing. Mo=
st
of the political parties have agreed to participate and their central leade=
rs
are expected to speak at the conference.
Those confirmed so for include Asfand Yar Wali Khan of Awami National Party=
,
Professor Ijaz Hassan Of Pakistan Peoples Party, Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan o=
f
Pakistan Democratic Party, Malua Bakhsh Khaskheli of Communist Party Pakist=
an,
Farooq Tariq Labour party Pakistan, Asma Jehangir of Human Rights Commissio=
n
Of Pakistan, Dr. Qaiser Benghali of Social Democratic Movement, Abdul Majee=
d
Kanjo of Saraiki National Party, Afzal Khan of Pakhtoon Khawa Quomi Party a=
nd
the acting convener of Pakistan Oppressed Nations Movement(PONUM), Hameed
Asghar Shaheen of Saraike National Movement, Hamid Nasir Chatha Pakistan
Muslim League Chatha Group, Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan of National Workers Part=
y,
Manzoor Gilani of Pakistan Istiqlal Party, Rubina Jamil of Working Women
Organisation and Afzal Khamoosh of Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party. It is al=
so
expected that Begum Kalsoom Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan Muslim League would al=
so
speak if not arrested on the day.
Lahore Press Club Nisar Usmani Auditorium will witness the representatives =
of
over 30 political parties from Left and Right to demand for the restoration=
of
Democracy in Pakistan on 12th October. Military regime took over the power =
a
year ago on the day. Some of these parties had welcomed the taking over of
military a year before but since then are moving away from their privious
stance. Most of the national Non Government Organisation have also been
invited. So are the main trade unions in Pakistan.
The conference will hopefully strengthen the opposition to the military reg=
ime
and will help to find a way our for a broader cooperation of different tren=
ds
within Pakistani politics. The religious parties have not been invited to t=
his
conference.
If you have not send the message of solidarity so for, please send one to
labour.pakistan@u...
Comradely,
Yousaf Balouch
Central information secretary
Labour Party Pakistan

______

#3.

Outlook
16 oct. 2000

EXCLUSIVE OPINON POLL IN KASHMIR VALLEY SHOWS DRASTIC DROP IN PAKISTAN'S ST=
OCKS

74% for azadi; support for india option rises

By V. Sudarshan

Five years ago, Outlook comissioned an opinion poll in the Valley to=20
fill a vital gap in public discourse-taking into account the thinking of=20
the Kashmiris. The results were carried in the inaugural issue of October=20
18, 1995. Half-a-decade later, mdra went to the Valley to, once again,=20
flesh out the dominant trends in the current ferment. In view of the fact=20
that no census records for the Valley have been in existence since 1981,=20
the results of both the Outlook polls constitute the only empirical data in=
=20
the country-perhaps even in the world-on what the Kashmiris think. Twelve=20
years after the Kalashnikov found its way into the Valley, some broad=20
trends can be discerned:

More people than previously think a solution is possible within the Indian=
=20
Constitution. The dominant feeling that Kashmir should have a separate=20
identity has grown, albeit marginally. Peace is in. Promotion of violence=20
as a means to an end may now be counter-productive. Though Pakistan is=20
considered central as a "third party" negotiator, it is not considered as=20
being a core part of a final solution. And, Kashmiri women have a political=
=20
voice that is emerging as an independent counterpoise to traditional=20
political thought.

The last time we asked if a solution to the Kashmir problem existed within=
=20
the Constitution of India, an overwhelming 77 per cent had declared=20
"definitely not". In five years, the number of naysayers has declined. Only=
=20
58 per cent now think a solution is not possible within the constitutional=
=20
framework.

Significantly, 49 per cent of the women polled (as opposed to 36 per cent=20
of men) think a solution is possible within the Indian Constitution.

In September 1995, 72 per cent of those polled declared "independence" as=20
the favoured option. This year, it is the opinion of 74 per cent that a=20
"separate identity" for Jammu and Kashmir holds the key to the solution.=20
However, adherents of the Greater Autonomy formula have experienced more=20
than a five-fold surge in their numbers (at 16 per cent up from 3 per cent=
=20
in 1995). Those who now think merger with Pakistan is an option stand=20
sharply reduced to a mere 2 per cent, down from 19 per cent in 1995.

It can thus be inferred that some of those who favoured a merger with=20
Pakistan are now coming around to believe in greater autonomy. There is=20
some irony in this as well. As many as 40 per cent of those polled were not=
=20
aware of the autonomy resolution passed by the Jammu and Kashmir assembly.

The clearest indication that Pakistan's strategy of promoting violence no=20
longer endears it to the Valley comes from the fact that as many as 70 per=
=20
cent of the people polled want Pakistan to stop supporting militancy.

Even though 74 per cent believe that a separate identity is the way=20
forward, only 54 per cent of those polled think an azad Kashmir would best=
=20
promote the economic future of Kashmir while 24 per cent (almost=20
one-fourth) believe that India is the best guarantor of this aspect.

The yearning for peace via a negotiated settlement in the Valley is very=20
much in evidence in the fact that 82 per cent support a Hizb-type ceasefire=
=20
as a prelude to a political dialogue. The Hizb, though, does not seem to be=
=20
the repository of the Kashmiri's political confidence. That honour goes to=
=20
the All Parties Hurriyat Conference with 77 per cent of those polled of the=
=20
opinion that it is the Hurriyat that represents the aspirations of the=20
people of Kashmir.

A word about Farooq Abdullah: In 1995 when we embarked on the survey, a=20
housewife in the Hazratbal area of Srinagar emphatically declared that=20
"even Bal Thackeray can help in finding a solution, but not Farooq." Only 2=
=20
per cent now think that it is worth talking to Farooq for a solution. In=20
numbers, that is only about a dozen of the 581 polled.

Do you feel that a solution to the Kashmir problem exists within the
framework of the Indian Constitution?

YES-----39

NO-------58

Can't Say--3

BREAK UP
Age (years) Yes No
18-30 37 59
31-50 42 54
Above 50 33 63
Location
Srinagar 33 62
Badgam 52 44
Baramulla 35 57
Anantnag 23 75
Kargil 63 33

Should Pakistan be involved as a third party in negotiations to solve
the problem?

YES-----91

NO-------7

Can't Say-2

location
Yes No
Srinagar
91 7
Badgam
96 2
Baramulla
84 13
Anantnag
98 2
Kargil
82 17

In your opinion what is the solution to the Kashmir problem?

Separate identity of Jammu & Kashmir----------74

Greater autonomy to J&K-------------------------------16

Other Solutions-----------------------------------------------03

Merger with Pakistan--------------------------------------02

Pre-1953 status------------------------------------------------05

Age (years) Separate identity Greater autonomy
18-30 72 17
31-50 79 12
Above 50 68 20
Location
Srinagar 79 9
Badgam 69 20
Baramulla 67 17
Anantnag 81 13
Kargil 60 35

Methodology

Outlook's opinion poll in the Kashmir Valley was conducted by Marketing=
=20
& Development Research Associates (mdra), a wing of the Centre for Media=20
Studies (cms), the New Delhi-based agency which has a demonstrated record=20
of accuracy. In all, 581 respondents (468 men and 113 women) were=20
interviewed (from September 20-24) by mdra's field officers at 32 urban and=
=20
rural locations across five towns in the Valley-Srinagar, Budgam,=20
Baramulla, Anantnag, and Kargil-which, in geographical terms, covers the=20
entire Valley.

A team of mdra officials flew from New Delhi and elicited the support of=20
field personnel (both men and women) to conduct the poll. In order to=20
interview the 581 people, about 2,000 people were contacted. And an Outlook=
=20
correspondent and photographer accompanied different field teams during the=
=20
course of the interviews.

82% favour ceasefire, talks

Who do you think is responsible for the violence in Kashmir?

Both the security forces as well as the militants--------------39

Security=20
forces-------------------------------------------------------------13

Militants---------------------------------------------------------------=
-------06

State-------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------34

Centre------------------------------------------------------------------=
------08

Do you want Pakistan to stop supporting militancy in Kashmir?

Yes-----70

No-------22

Can't Say-8

Location Yes No
Srinagar 66 23
Badgam 93 6
Baramulla 62 21
Anantnag 49 47
Kargil 91 8

Do you support a Hizbul-type ceasefire as a prelude to political dialogu=
e?

Yes------82

No--------14

Can't Say-04

Whom should the government of India talk to so as to solve the Kashmir
problem?

Hurriyat------------------------------------54

Hizbul Mujahideen---------------------08

Farooq Abdullah------------------------02

All political parties---------------------36

91% say pak should be a party

Does the Hurriyat Conference represent the interests of the people of
Kashmir?

Yes-------77

No---------19

Can't Say--04

Who's been more serious about solving the issue: the Vajpayee govt or th=
e
Congress?

Vajpayee Govt----------31

None------------------------52

Congress Govt----------13

Both-------------------------04

What is your main source of information about what is happening in
Kashmir?

BBC TV 5
Voice of America 4
Radio Pakistan 3
Srinagar Radio 6
All India Radio 8
Pakistan TV 5
Doordarshan 15
BBC Radio 45
Star TV 3
Zee TV 6
All figures in Percentage

______

#4.

Tehelka.com

'All Indians are Hindus'

RSS sarsanghchalak K S Sudarshan cries himself hoarse blaming both Marxists=
=20
and Imperialists for distorting Vedic history and exhorts the concept of=20
Bharat Rashtra as the ultimate nationhood, reports V K Shashikumar New=20
Delhi, October 3

The Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) sarsanghchalak (chief), K S=20
Sudarshan, says that the history of India should be rewritten to=20
incorporate its Vedic lineage. The most important premise, according to him=
=20
is that "all Indians are Hindus". Indian civilization pre-dates the advent=
=20
of Jesus and Prophet Mohammad and therefore the revealed religions of=20
Christianity and Islam. "Which religion did those who were born before=20
Jesus follow? Is God so partial that one day he woke up and said that those=
=20
who follow his words will attain salvation? Does it mean that those who=20
were born before Jesus will live in hell perpetually?" asked Sudarshan=20
during a book release ceremony.

Sudarshan was presiding over the release of Suresh Chandra Vatsayanan's=20
rendering of Vedic Prithvee Sookta in Hindi, Punjabi and English. The=20
Sookta constitutes the first part of 12th canto of the Atharva Veda. It is=
=20
not only an important constituent of the Atharva Veda but also of the whole=
=20
lot of Vedic and allied scriptures. Others present in the book release=20
ceremony were the Union Civil Supplies Minister, Shanta Kumar and Seshadari=
=20
Chari, the editor of RSS mouthpiece, Organiser.

In an exclusive interview, Sudarshan told tehelka.com that the "RSS will=20
spread the message of the Vedic basis of Indian society throughout the=20
country." The attempt is to put in place in concrete terms what constitutes=
=20
an "Indian identity". According to Union Civil Supplies Minister Shanta=20
Kumar, the Vedas "represent the concept of unity in diversity of the=20
multicultural and multilingual Indian rashtra (nation)."

According to Sudarshan, both the Marxists and the imperialists have spread=
=20
misinformation about Vedic history. "Their purpose was to snatch the=20
historical legacy of India away from its moorings. Marx himself has not=20
said anything about Indian history, but the Marxists have walked hand in=20
hand with the imperialists to propagate myths about Indian history. They=20
have propounded the myth of the Aryan influx, that the Aryans came from=20
outside, they were a race, they defeated the natives of this land and=20
established their rule. All these myths have already been demolished by=20
scholars," says Sudarshan.

'Marxists and Imperialists propagated myths about Indian history. They=20
propounded the myth of the Aryan influx, that the Aryans came from outside,=
=20
they were a race, they defeated the natives of this land and established=20
their rule' Through these actions and statements, the RSS is clearly=20
showing its intent to press for a reorientation of "perspective" in which=20
Indian history should be seen and written. It will be interesting to hear=20
what the post-modern historians, the empiricists, the Marxists and liberal=
=20
historians have to say in response to Sudarshan's plan to propound the=20
Vedic history of India and the claim that "all Indians are Hindus".

Speaking to tehelka.com, the RSS chief said that the organisation would=20
publicise the findings of leading European scholars who have proved beyond=
=20
doubt that the Aryan interpretation of early Indian history is a fallacy.=20
Sudarshan said, "On the basis of DNA studies they (European researchers)=20
have concluded that there are enormous genetic differences between the=20
Indians and the Europeans. Only approximately 5 per cent of the Indians=20
show genetic similarities with the Europeans. This proves that indeed if=20
Aryans had come from Europe then there would have indeed been a great=20
degree of similarity in the genetic make-up of the Indians and Europeans.=20
But now we know that the Marxist, Western and the imperialist view of=20
history is not correct and that there was no Aryan influx into India. So=20
Vedic history is the only way of looking at Indian civilization."

The RSS chief exhorted Indian scholars to visit the US and study the Red=20
Indian lifestyle and its oral history. He says that there are striking=20
similarities between some of the rituals of the Red Indians and the=20
Indians. Such a linkage will prove beyond doubt that the Indian=20
civilization has left its imprint on other cultures and will conclusively=20
disprove white supremacy.

The essential difference between the Western worldview and the Indian=20
worldview is the perspective from which it views life. "Vedic history tells=
=20
us that all Indians are Hindus and this is based on the Vedic worldview of=
=20
life. The Western worldview is based on four principles - struggle for=20
existence, survival of the fittest, exploitation of nature and assertion of=
=20
individual rights. The Western culture does not allow for the consciousness=
=20
of the individual. That is why Christianity considers a woman as an=20
afterthought and that is why, historically speaking, many atrocities have=20
been committed against women, they have been tortured and suppressed in=20
such cultures. Therefore, it is not surprising the women in the Western=20
world had to fight for their rights one by one. The concept of women's=20
liberation emerged in Western societies because they were agitated that why=
=20
should god be a HE and not a SHE."

In the RSS sarsanghchalak's opinion, in Hinduism God is represented both in=
=20
terms of human and nature; in the human form God could be a 'HE' or a SHE'.=
=20
There is no struggle for existence in Hinduism, because Brahma (creator) is=
=20
Universal and omnipresent. There is no concept of the survival of the=20
fittest because it is believed that all should be happy and content and=20
those who are strong should protect the weak.

Sudarshan went on to state that "Hindus do not believe in the exploitation=
=20
of nature, rather receive the bounties of nature, like a child who suckles=
=20
as much as he needs of his mother's milk". It is the family that is always=
=20
above the individual, and individual rights exist only as far as protecting=
=20
the individual's person and his body. "How can we believe in individual=20
rights when our philosophy speaks of universal brotherhood from the family=
=20
to the ideal of whole world is one (vasudhaiva kutumbakam)," asked the RSS=
=20
chief.

"There is diversity in this oneness and this is what we have to realise and=
=20
this is the real meaning of unity in diversity. Our forefathers have=20
reminded us often that we should never destroy this diversity and that=20
remains our most important principle of our national life today," added=20
Sudarshan.

It is interesting to note the attempt of the RSS to deify "Bharat Rashtra"=
=20
and the construction of it as the replica of "Mother Earth". Clearly, a=20
"Hindu" view of Indian nationhood is being enunciated. "In reality, the=20
nationhood of India as revealed through the Vedic lore is not correspondent=
=20
with the nationhood of medieval West and other countries. The rashtra form=
=20
of nationhood of India is an institution of the seers and saints committed=
=20
to the creation of a heaven on earth," said Sudarshan.

"Hinduism is a substitute for the word secularism and saffron is the colour=
=20
of India's saintly being. Those who negate this view practice communal=20
minorytism," states Vatsayanan, author of the book released by RSS chief=20
Sudarshan "The RSS is a saintly institution. It is a socialistic=20
organisation and represents the national spirit. If the word 'Hindu' is=20
used to describe it there is nothing wrong. In the concept of Bharat=20
Rashtra, all Indians are Hindus. In fact, 95 per cent of Indian Muslims are=
=20
actually Hindus. They have been forcibly converted by the Muslims invaders=
=20
because they had two options - face death or adopt Islam," says.

Vatsayanan, the author, said that organisations like the RSS want the=20
government to change school textbooks. "If somebody advocates a change in=20
the way our school textbooks are written, they are dubbed as communalists.=
=20
In Kashmir there is not a single textbook which says that the ancestors of=
=20
Kashmiri Muslims were Hindus," he said.

The president of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Bangaru Laxman's stated=20
intention of "reaching out to Muslims" recently during the party's national=
=20
conclave in Nagpur was not an off-the-cuff remark. It has been interpreted=
=20
as part of a deliberate strategy of the Sangh Parivar to deflect criticism=
=20
of its communal agenda by subsuming other cultures and identities under the=
=20
overarching rubric of a Bharat Rashtra. Where the nation and nationhood=20
becomes one entity, where Bharat Rashtra merges into a Hindu Rashtra, where=
=20
all the imagery and icons derive their sustenance from the leitmotifs of=20
Hinduism - "a synthesis of a revealed religion and philosophy" according to=
=20
the Hindutva brigade.

Also, according to this worldview, even Sufism is nothing but "Vedanta in a=
=20
singing mood". It means, "Ayodhya and Ram also belong to Muslims". The=20
saffron brigade is now conscious of any criticism that terms it as=20
'communal'. The view emerging within the Sangh Parivar and the BJP is to=20
counteract that criticism by adopting the theme that "Hinduism is a=20
substitute for the word secularism and saffron is the colour of India's=20
saintly being" as stated by Vatsayanan. "Those who negate this view=20
practices communal minorytism," he added.

According to Sudarshan, Christianity and Islam stress on uniformity of=20
thought and action. "But we (Hindus) stress on unity in diversity. If there=
=20
has to be world peace and peaceful cultural coexistence, then the Hindu=20
worldview has to be accepted and followed. Whenever, there are attempts to=
=20
impose uniformity, there will be conflict and competition. Neither has=20
there been oneness among the Christian Western countries nor has there been=
=20
any unity among the Islamic countries. Even the communists failed to impose=
=20
their thoughts to bring oneness among various cultures. The present=20
machinations of the US to spread American culture will also meet the same=20
fate and will never succeed," he said emphatically.

_____________________________________________

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