[sacw] SACW Dispatch #2 | 20 Oct. 00

[Harsh Kapoor]

South Asia Citizens Web Dispatch #2
20 October 2000
http://www.mnet.fr/aiindex

____________________________

#1. Can You help Save Dr. Shaikh? [Charged with Blasphemy in Pakistan]
#2. New wave of suppression of activists in Pakistan
#3. Science in the service of zealots
#4. Delhi meet to Raise Voice Against the Fascist Ideas of the RSS (Oct 21)
#5. Recent Issues of India Pakistan Arms Race & Militarisation Watch

____________________________

#1.

[19 October 2000]

Please Give Widest Circulation Possible. Please send to local / national
media. Mail to your MP. Contact the Pakistan Embassy to protest. Send to
Human Rights Groups.

Can You help Save Dr. Shaikh?

Dr. Younus Shaikh is founder-President of 'Enlightenment', a Pakistan based
organization which is a member of the International Humanist and Ethical
Union (www.iheu.org). Dr. Shaikh is a doctor and a teacher at a medical
college in Islamabad. He lived and worked in the UK before returning to
Pakistan. If you were at the IHEU's 1999 World Humanist Congress in Mumbai
you would remember his amusing speech; or you may have received his numerou=
s
e mails about Humanism, about his collaboration with liberal minded
Pakistanis to promote Human Rights, or about his other passion - the South
Asian Peace Movement.
On 4 October 2000, Dr. Shaikh was arrested by the Islamabad police and
booked under the dreaded Section 295-C (Blasphemy) of the Pakistan Penal
Code. The police First Information Report was not readily available, but in
it he is alleged to have defiled Mohammad, the Prophet of Islam, by pointin=
g
out that the Prophet did not become a Muslim till the age of 40 (ie. until
he received the first message of God), and that the Prophet's parents were
non-Muslims because they died before Islam was proposed by the Prophet. It
is for stating these facts that Dr. Shaikh will be killed by the State, if
he is found guilty: we should not forget that he did not abuse, he did not
threaten, he did not scorn or sneer.

45 year-old Dr. Shaikh lives alone, has no family, and has been sacked from
his job following his arrest. To build popular pressure, an Islamabad-based
Urdu language newspaper, Khabrain, is carrying a campaign, demanding the
death penalty for him. In Pakistan, Blasphemy is a non-bailable offence and
attracts the mandatory death-penalty. Dr. Shaikh is currently held in Adyal=
a
Jail, Rawalpindi, in judicial remand.

Today, 19 October 2000, Dr. Shaikh was presented before the court, but he
had no lawyer. Frequently lawyers are intimidated by the mob, so they do no=
t
take up blasphemy cases. Even judges are afraid of trying them. A group of
20 clerics - menacing and aggressive - came to the court, to pursue their
case against Dr. Shaikh. They represent the Majlis-I-Khatam-I-Nabuwat
(Organization on the Finality of the Prophet) one of the groups responsible
for Pakistan's descent into lawlessness. Dr. Shaikh's reading glasses were
broken when he came to court, he was unable to read well, and was not
allowed to speak to anyone. Fortunately he has not been tortured by the
police during 2 weeks of custody. If we do not act in time, he will be
doomed.

Blasphemy in Pakistan
Blasphemy in Pakistan is a cognizable offence, punishable mandatorily by
death, but Section 295-C does not even precisely define the crime it is
meant to punish. This law has a history of abuse : it is a convenient means
to settle personal scores. In this case, it is a disgruntled student Mr.
Muhammad Asghar Khan who complained to the fundamentalists. Even those not
present at the time of the alleged 'offence' can file a complaint - this is
the case as regards Dr. Shaikh. A cleric, Maulana Abdur Rafoof, registered
the case in Islamabad's Margalla police station. Despite the severity of
punishment, Section 295-C empowers a police officer to arrest, without
obtaining a warrant from a judicial magistrate. Dr. Shaikh is in custody
since 4 October 2000.

The Blasphemy law in Pakistan is a shameful relic of the British Raj's 1860
Criminal Law. It was modified in 1926 before Pakistan was born, and again a=
s
recently as in 1986 and in 1991 when criminal law was Islamicised by the
then dictatorship.

Now, under the regime of Islamic punishments, the evidence required is 'at
least two Muslim adult male witnesses who are supposed to be truthful
persons who abstain from major sins'. It is required at the trial that the
Presiding officer must be a Muslim. Islamic law of evidence declares that
the evidence recorded by minorities and women has a status inferior to that
of Muslim men.

In the case of Blasphemy, very often the accused is murdered either in
police custody or even in the court room itself by blood thirsty zealots. S=
o
few cases are even brought to fruition. General Pervez Musharraf's recent
attempts to improve the law has been met with vehement opposition from the
clerics, and he immediately climbed down, in deference to the Islamic
fundamentalists. The law remains as barbaric as it was. And so is the mob.

Pakistan's minorities

3% of Pakistan's 140 million citizens are non-Muslims; and there are at
least 20 million Shiites, a minority Islamic sect in Pakistan. The situatio=
n
for these minorities is desperate. The main victims of Pakistan's
discriminatory and repressive legislation so far have been the Ahmadias, th=
e
Christians and the Hindus - and the most victimized are the Christians and
Ahmadias. Their evidence is not accepted, their rights to freedom of
religion or belief not protected, they are not allowed high-positions in th=
e
Army or in the bureaucracy, and they are forced to vote under the separate
electorate system, where non-Muslims vote for non-Muslims.

But the main concern of Pakistan's Human Rights activists are the Blasphemy
laws. Blasphemy of Islam is punished differently and much more severley tha=
n
Blasphemy of other religions. There is no Freedom of Religion or Belief in
Pakistan. Bishop John Joseph, Roman Catholic Bishop of Faizalabad even
killed himself in protest in front of the sessions court of Sahiwal, on May
5, 1998. But even this ultimate sacrifice did not move the administration o=
r
the legislature.

Pressure must mount from all quarters to enable the law to change, and to
protect the victims. Pakistan's theocracy is depriving many honest citizens
of their liberty and their life.

What Can you Do?

- If you live in the UNITED STATES, please write to the US Commission o=
n
International Religious Freedom, and invoke the provisions of the
International Freedom of Religion Act, 1998. Better still, call them on
phone. The law obliges them to take up the case with the US Ambassador in
Islamabad, and to follow it up. If Pakistan's government fails to protect
Freedom of Religion, there will be automatic and mandatory sanctions impose=
d
on Pakistan.

Write to

Office of International Religious Freedom

(DRL/IRF), Room 4829,

U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC 20520.

Telephone 202 736 7133

Fax 202 647 5283

- If you live in a European Union Member State, ask your own country's EU
Ambassador to explore possibilities of asylum for Dr. Shaikh. Taslima Nasri=
n
was saved similarly from Bangladeshi fundamentalists. Point out that
Pakistan's present Blasphemy law violates international standards of
justice; point out that to term religious criticism as 'blasphemy' is
primitive; death penalty as punishment for it is terrible; and that
mandatory death penalty is even more savage.

- Write to your Foreign Minister, and demand that the Minister
summon the Pakistani High Commissioner to share concerns about the state of
Freedom of religion or Belief in Pakistan. Ask your Minister to arrange for
an observer at Dr. Shaikh's trial, if he is not released immediately.

- Wherever you live, Fax your MP and ask him to take up the case of Dr.
Shaikh. Ask your MP to bring pressure on the Pakistani government to releas=
e
Dr. Younis Shaikh, and to ensure his physical safety. Ask your MP to call
the Pakistani High Commission / Embassy in your country.

- Write to Amnesty International, asking them to adopt Dr. Shaikh as a
prisoner of conscience.

- Write to the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief. The
Special Rapporteur has the mandate to take the matter up with the governmen=
t
on a diplomatic level.

Write to

Dr. Abdul Fatteh Amor

The UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief

8-14 Avenue de la Paix
1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
Telephone Number (41-22) 917-9000
Fax Number (41-22) 917-9016

- Please also write to General Musharraf, with the respect due to a Head of
Government.

- Remind General Musharraf that he had declared that Mohammad
Ali Jinnah, Pakistan's founder (formal title: Quaid - I- Azam) was his
political hero. The Quaid had declared in his speech to the Constituent
Asembly of Pakistan on 11 August 1947 : "You are free; you are free to go t=
o
your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other places of
worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste
or creed - that has nothing to do with the business of the state".

- Ask General Musharraf to take steps to make Pakistan true to
the Quaid's ideals. He can do so by ensuring that Pakistan will no longer
remain a theocracy. Ask for protection to all religious minorities and
non-believers living in Pakistan.

- Demand that the Sections 295-B and 295-C of the Criminal Code
be repealed as soon as possible, and that he should take steps to prevent
their malicious and frivolous abuse meanwhile.

- Remind him that Pakistan, one of the poorest nations in the
world, will be better able to use Dr. Shaikh's services as a doctor rather
than keep him prisoner. Mention specific details: Jail: Adyala Jail,
Rawalpindi; Date of FIR and arrest: 4 October 2000; Police Station:
Margalla.

- Invite Pakistan to ratify the International Covenant on Civil
and political Rights and the International Covenant on Social, Economic and
Cultural Rights.

Please write to

General Pervez Musharraf

Chief Executive of Pakistan Government

E Mail: CE@p...

________________________

PLEASE SEND A COPY OF ALL YOUR MESSAGES TO campaign@i... Please send
Letters of Support to Dr. Shaikh also to this e mail address.

SEND DONATIONS FOR DR.SHAIKH'S LEGAL DEFENCE to

IHEU, 47 Theobalds Road, London WC1X 8SP, UK

Cheques payable to IHEU; Credit Card donations preferable, to avoid
international bank charges:
Fax us card details (address, card number, Visa/mastercard, date of issue,
date of expiry; name of card holder) to +44 207 404 8641 or +44 207 4301271=
.

_______

#2.

19 October 2000

Dear comrades,

This is to bring into your information about the latest wave of suppression
against LPP leaders.

Police today on 19th October tried to arrest Farooq Tariq General Secretary
Labour Party Pakistan from a hunger strike camp in the presence of dozens o=
f
activists.

Joint Action Committee For Peoples Rights had organised a hunger strike cam=
p
at Chairing Cross, Mall Road Lahore to demand for joint electorate instead =
of
the present plan of separate electorate. This mean that Muslim will for
Muslims and Christians and other religious minorities can only vote for the=
ir
respective religious fellows.

Labour Party Pakistan fully support the demand for a joint electorate. Seve=
ral
of its comrades including Comrade Farooq Tariq took part in the hunger stri=
ke
camp. Over a hundred activists participated in this camp.

Several known leaders from different political parties including Dr, Mubash=
ir
Hasan, ex finance minister under Bhotto during seventies and Farooq Tariq
spoke on the occasion. After few minutes of Comrade Farooq speech, four pol=
ice
man approached him and asked to come outside the camp. It was immidietly
smelled by every one in the camp that they want to arrest Farooq. He refuse=
d
to do so. Several more had spoken to the police inspecter outside the hunge=
r
strike camp who told them that he has orders to arrest him.

Several activists told that they will all court arrests if they take Farooq
>from there. In the meantime, an escape plan succeeded to take him out of t=
he
camp and police could not follow the motorbike specialist.

On 18th October, Comrade Farooq Tariq spoke to a Railway workers demonstrat=
ion
alongside with several trade union leaders at Railway Workshops. There were
over three thousand workers a thousand police man to stop this demo. But th=
e
railway workers offered to be killed by police but will not go away without
holding the demonstration. Police in the end give way to let the demo go on=
.
Comrade Farooq Tariq criticised police for taking such repressive actions a=
t a
time when there are a lot of roberies carried out every day in Lahore. It w=
as
known later that at the time when police was busy here to stop the workers =
to
hold the demo, Jammaati Islami cashier was murdered in day light at the cen=
ter
of Lahore by decoits and they looted over 5 million Rupees from him.

It was victory for the workers to hold this demo. We herd today that all th=
e
eight including Farooq who spoke on the day are booked by Railway Police fo=
r
anti state activities and provocational speeches.

It is also known today that police has registered a case against Farooq Tar=
iq,
Asma Jehangir and Badr Munir, president Lahore Press club for holding Resto=
re
democracy Conference. Although comrade Farooq was not able to speak at the
conference due to a personal emergency. Comrade Shoaib Bhatti, chairman of =
LPP
represented LPP at the conference.

It is also known but we are unable to get the police information report so =
for
that police at Wah Ordinance factory have registered a case against Farooq
Tariq and 18 other labour leaders. They spoke in a seminar organised by the
Wah Factory workers union on 27th September.

On 15-16 October, police have raided the house of Dost Mohammed Channa,
chairman of LPP in Sind. They still have not been able to arrest him. A day
earlier he was visited by the head of local intelligence service at his hou=
se
who asked him not to support the Dada Bhai Cement Factory workers union. Wh=
en
he refused to do so, police have started coming to his house.

On 16th October, Comrade Farooq Tariq, Shoaib Bhatti and other leading
comrades spoke at a press conference held at Lahore Press Club to announce
that LPP will hold more Restore democracy Conferences in other provinces as
well. The first such one will be in Karachi during November. After the pres=
s
coverage next day, the office of LPP was visited by severl intelligence
services to know more about the plans.

LPP will hold a meeting of leading comrades tomorrow to chalk out the strat=
egy
to fight back against this suppression of LPP leaders.

We will let you know how you can help us in this difficult time. This was t=
o
bring into your notice the latest situation.

Comradely,

Farooq Sulehria

_______

#3.

Communalism Combat (Bombay),
October 2000,
pp.24-25

Science in the service of zealots

It is no surprise that Hindu chauvinists and Islamic fundamentalists are
both votaries of atom bombs.

by Dhirendra Shrama

IF WESTERN fanatics trace all scientific advancement to Christianity there
are in India men of authority who tried to find advanced scientific
theories in the Vedas. Swami Dayanand had discovered the telegraph system
in the Vedas in 1884 and Dr. Raja Ramanna, former chairman of Atomic Energy
Commission, has found Vedantic philosophy in contemporary physics !

Islamic fanatics trace all advancement in science to Koranic revelation.
One can also recognise racism of the theocratic Jewish State of Israel as a
strong base of science and technology in the Arabian deserts, and the
advancement of Russian sciences was based on ideological faith and the Cold
War. Our contention is that racial or religious fundamentalism is likely to
misuse advanced scientific knowledge and technology for narrow political
goals. It is, therefore, no surprise that Hindu chauvimsts and Islamic
fundamentalists both are votaries of atom bombs.

In the recent revival of religious fundamentalism, the issue of affecting
inter-relations of science and society has once again come to the fore. In
India, the emergence of caate or religious intolerance as a political force
will have far-reaching conseguences for the entire sub-continent. Think of
a million Hindus assembled at Allahabad- sangam at the confluence of two
holy rivers-Ganga amd Jamuna-on kumbha for a holy dip praymg for safety
(mukti) of the planetary system from demonic foroes of Rahu and Ketu.

Islam was born to overthrow icons of faith but it has now turned into
dogmatic ritualism of worshipping a stone by millions at Mecca during the
Haj pilgrimage. The huge mass of humanty is under the spell of faith and
age-old ignorance.

>From the archaeological discoveries of early civilisations of India, China,
Egypt, Maya and Incas of the American continent, it is evident that faith
(religious) was founded in scientific reasonmg and at no time in history
could there be a people devoid of scientific acumen. To assume that any
people at any given time were totally bereft of science is an unscientific
belief. An Upanishadic saying alludes to the confiict between faith and
reason or religion and philosophy (science): "faith must be placed (only)
in a true preposition (Satyam Shradhayam Juhuyat)". Similarly, Manu clearly
states that one who follows the scientific method (reasoning or tarka)
knows the true Dharma, not the one who follows faith blmdly.

Islam, in its revolutionary beginning was admittedly an iconoclastic faith.
Indian philosophy of Vedanta also admits reality as nirankar or nirguna, or
nameless, and shapeless. But nirguna can be realised by common persons
through am icon (murti or image). The Sikh gurus tried to reconcile thms
paradm of the opposites by giving up image-worship (murti-pooja). Instead
they accepted words of wisdom (Granth) to guide them to the right path of
liberation.

Ritualism was secondary to the path of knowledge which was integral to
Indian, philosophy amd is the very foumdation of Indian ethos. The late
Professor AL Basham, in his monumental study, The Wonder that was India,
described the debt of the Western world to India. He wrote that the great
discoveries and inventions of which Europe is so proud would have been
impossible without the developed system of mathematics, and that in turn
would have been impossible if Europe had been shackled by the unwieldy
syitem of Roman numerals.

The unknown man who devised the new mathematical system was from the
world's point of view, after the Buddha, the most important son of India.
Yet, in the entire scientific writings of ancient India there is not a
simgle hint of chauvinism of one's race or religion. Admittedly, the
searching rishis of ancient India were not advocating ideological
intolerance. They were propounding secular, scientific wisdom for all
humankind.

Today, religious violece and hatred endanger the well-being of our entire
sub-continent. We, the Hindus and the Muslims of the sub-continent, have
over the centuries developed a common interest in the flelds of arts,
architecture, music, drama and language. Cultural exchanges have so united
us that we have symbiotically become a unit. Any split now will cause
another Rwandan holocaust type destruction to followers of both the faiths.
Any attempt by historians to solve the problem of Ayodhya on the basis of
historical evidence, or to justify the Hindutva politics will be
meaningless. History is not an exact (natural) science, and there is no
Sanskrit source which would support an aggressive approach to religion.
Pence and amity is evidently more important for human existence than dying
and killing for a stone structure.

Adrmttedly, Hindutva is a modrem-day reaction to the western
racial-imperial domination of eastern peoples. In the 1930s, the former
chief of the RSS, the late Guru Golwalkar, in order to match the Nazi
ideology had propounded a Hindutva political philosophy. During the 1939-45
war years we Indians were sympathetic to Hitler because the German Nazi was
fighting against the British.

But Nazism was rooted in racial hatred and intolerance, whereas the
sanskritic heritage of India does not support the intolerance of Hindutva.
The word 'Hindu' is, in fact, a Persian/Arabic word, in its origin, and is
a recent 16th century expression for the inhabitants east of the river
Sindhu (Indus). The word "Hindu" is not found in Sanskrit literature. It is
alien to the Upanishads, Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak in his Arctic Home in the Vedus tried to establish that
India was the original home of the Aryans. Swami Dayanand, the founder of
Arya Samaj insisted on calling ourselves 'Arya', not 'Hindu'. Whether
Aryans came from outside or were the original inhabitants of India, they
were not Hindus. Hindutva has thus no historical or
philosophical claim to monopoly rights over the South-Asian sub-continent.
Various beliefs, languages and cultures have confluenced in the South-Asian
civilisation.

If we do not learn from history, we are bound to repeat mistakes of the
past. To assume that the Hindus are some kind of 'spiritual' peace loving
people is as fallacious as to believe that no Muslim can live m peace with
non-Muslims. Fanaticism can equally drive us both to madness. I recall the
years of partition and independence (1947-60). Those were traumatic years
when I was working at makeshift camps at the railway station, receiving and
helping refugees, distributing food and clothing. I was also assisting in
the task of registration and transfer of tens of thousands of destitutes
coming from Sindh and Punjab. Shocking scenes of those days are still vivid
in my memory.

I was at Amritsar station to receive the refugees coming from West Punjab.
As the sun rose m the eastern horizon-there was low visibility due to mist
- a train slowly
steamed into the platform. As it came to a final halt, a solitary figure
(the driver) jumped out of the engine and ran away. The entire train was
covered with blood and dead bodies
- men, women, children, old and young, some hanging from windows and open
doors, some piled on each other, many more bodies hanging headless from the
roof of the train.

It was a nauseating scene. Even as we were struggling to cope with the
shock, another train arrived on the next track. And a few minutes later, a
third train steamed in. All the three contained the massacred human bodies,
pushed into the eastern border of Punjab. Evidently, it was an outcome of
the religious frenzy and violence prevailing on both sides of the border.
Immediately, the entire area was cordoned off by a few armed soldiers.

Later we learnt that m order to teach a lesson and in revenge, similar acts
of violence, were perpetrated from the Indian side. I do not know how many
train loads of massacred people were sent across. How I overcame that shock
to my young mind, or what I did there as a young volunteer I don't
remember. But I do remember rushinng back to my head-quarters in Delhi and
never visited Amritsar again for the next fifty years. Later in my '50s
when I visited the Jewish extermination camps in Poland (Auschewietz), I
could not eat for days. What bothered me was the question of how civilised
people could justify such violence?

The paradox is that all world religions had advocated the use of violence
for advancement of their presumed divine truth. Jewish persecution in
Europe had long history in which many Christian saints and philosophers,
including Thomas Aquinas, preached hatred and violence against Jews as
justifiable homicide. In the hisstory of the Christian church, the Holy war
and violence against Jews and Muslims was an act of faith and blessedness.

Similarly, the history of Islam is not known for its tolerance towards
other faiths. In the Islamic tradition, too, war and violence in defence of
the assumed revelation is justified as an act of nobility. Surprisingly, in
the most Catholic and peaceful Hindu tradition, the text quoted most often
is the Gita where Lord Krishna, describes the Holy-war (Dharma-Yudh). In
the great epic-battle of Mahabharata, Krishna candidly declares that
violence committed in defence of one's Dharma has scriptural sanction. A
hesitant Arjuna rightly refuses to kill his elders and cousins for kingdom
but Krishna commands him to overcome such sentiments, and as God
personified, he orders him to kill. But what is the meaning of a Jihad,
Dharm-yudh or Holy war, in our nuclear age?

Once again, I hear the fanatic voices of Jihad and Dharm-Yudha. We hear
'saints', and the jagatgurus and sadhus holdmg 'trishuls' delivering
hateful sermons, invoking the call of the Gita. And the followers the
Prophet are not far behind with their war-cry, 'Allah-o-Akbar' - "the
Islamic God is the greatest".

And it is significant that they express no concern about the nuclear arms
race. The religious leaders are oblivious of the hazards of nuclear
radiation. They know little about the scientific understanding of the
universe, the cosmic truths. Yet, they hold very powerful weapons of faith
to incite the masses into total, mutually-assured destruction.

_______

#4.

Urgent! Urgent!! Urgent!!!

Call for an appropriate Response

The RSS dares to suggest: "INDIANISE ISLAM" and "INDIANISE CHRISTIANITY"!

There will be a meeting held to discuss and plan a befitting response in
the form of a statement or declaration on behalf of all minorities, NDA
partners and Secular minded citizens of the country in view of the most
arrogant and hegemonic demands made by some communal organizations
recently, that breaks all democratic and constitutional norms of our
country. You are invited to come and contribute your ideas and support the
cause of preserving the integrity, unity and pluralism of this secular
nation from the hands of those who like to destroy it in the name of
'Hindutva'.

Venue: Indian Social Institute, Lodhi Road, New Delhi

Date: Saturday, October 21st, 2000

Time: 2 pm to 4 pm

Dear Friends, fellow citizens,

We hear in recent times, most atrocious statements being issued by certain
leaders against the patriotic citizens of this country. The situation has
become so bad that the minorities have to prove their patriotism as if they
are unpatriotic. Those who contributed to the division of the country,
those who killed the father of the nation, those who have opposed the Quit
India movement, those who do not respect the National flag, and those who
do not believe in the Indian Constitution are asking Indian Muslims and
Christians to "INDIANISE themselves"!. A country where cultural and
religious pluralism is the fact of life, the citizens are told that "the
blood of Ram and Krishna is running in your veins"!! Those organizations,
who have international set up to gather fund and support for their
anti-Christian and anti-Muslim movements and are busy building =EBshakhas=
=ED,
units and temples, are calling for a "swadeshi" Church. The prime minister
of this democratic nation on his official visit to a foreign country is
participating in the fund collection function of the communal organization
called the VHP and declares himself a "swayamsevak"! Equally worse, the
Home Minister of this democratic nation is attending the Jubilee
celebration of an organizations that was banned many a times and in which
government employees are not allowed to participate!! Worse! It was the
meeting of the RSS in Agra last weak where Minorities in India were openly
accused and condemned, that the Home Minister L.K Advani was a devote
participant, saluting the Guru, the 'Saffron Flag'!!!

It is too much for us to take and it is time that we stand united to stop
these =EBLunatic fringes=ED to save our country and to save our people.
Therefore please come and attend the meeting and decide for yourself who
will tell you what to do and what not to do!

On behalf of the Organizing Committee,

Saby Vempemy,
Delhi-54,

October 19, 2000

_______

#5.

The recent issues of INDIA PAKISTAN ARMS RACE & MILITARISATION WATCH # 23
(29 Sept 00), 24, 25 & 26 (19 October 2000) are all available at:
http://www.egroups.com/messages/IPARMW

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